Your first two points are valid, and a wider issue with styling form pseudo element internals, though I'll contest letting date visualize as the user's locale is a better option than forcing American month/day/year weirdness on the rest of us.
You're wrong on dialog though.
It's not half assed, it's the core functionality needed for a dialog, no more. It makes very few assumptions abouts you want your dialogs to look, or behave with closing/opening. You only have to build atop it, rather than strip it back (e.g. Like how you have to strip/reset lists to use as nav menu elements)
I've styled them and it's usually less css than equivalent bootstrap or homegrown dialogs.
I also doubt your claims that the new form method will break older js being a real problem. The method just allows js to get a standard way of how a dialog closed. I just don't see when you'd use old js that might have issues to handle that..