To be sure, NYC is not ready NOW; a Sandy will happen again this decade, where the city will be disabled for a few days and the current gaps on the longer term resilience plan will be exposed.
When that happens my read of the dynamics is that the capital commitments- which have already been made- will be accelerated and there will be new focus on delivering on the projects, many of which will then get completed in the 2030-2040 timeframe.
Politics and economics of NYC are completely different than of New Orleans.
Katrina was a disaster both because of what happened to infrastructure and what happened to people. Infra-wise, New Orleans as a political unit does not command its infrastructure- being dependent on the Corps and other federal entities- and otherwise from a capital perspective is extremely weak. People-wise, the immediately exposed populations were also those without their own means.
NYC's Katrina moment was in the 1970s, specifically Oct 29 1975. The near default and Ford's abandonment is still crystalline in the minds of capital, even 50 years later. Since then to a first approximation NYC from a political, economic and infrastructure perspective has risen, and moved from strength to strength.
NYC does not have the same kind of vulnerable exposed population- nearly all of the vulnerable housing stock is in fact high end, and/or controlled by interests, not individuals (with exceptions of course scattered throughout). COVID was far more of a Katrina than Sandy was in terms of impact on vulnerable populations in NYC.
From economic and infra perspective, NYC has an operating budget of 100B/year. NYS is 200B. Capital projects up to the single digit B are just budget lines at this scale. NYC/NYS also have these unique entities called Authorities that have a long history of raising capital and operating larger scale projects like bridges and tunnels.
The larger economic weight of spend of resident industries, from finance, to media, to real estate, to tech, to healthcare...on and on- reaches into the Ts (literally). Note all industries are represented (even agri/food) EXCEPT for energy.
Politically, there is very little on the climate denier front and almost none on the Trump chaos actor front. The boroughs- while there are tensions and significant red/blue political differences between them- are far more unified as a pragmatic matter on environment issues.
Significant and surprising changes are happening now around things like energy footprint- the banning of gas appliances in new construction is incredible.
Anyway, NYC is certainly exposed as are most of the coastlines of the country. But when one looks at major coast cities and their resiliency planning, NYC is structurally in a much better place.