> have users of foursquare run into problems?
Of course we've run into problems from time to time. No one goes from nothing to foursquare's level of success without running into some bumps along the way.
> were they serious? did someone lose money?
No.
> it would answer whether to use an eventually consistent db
MongoDB actually isn't really an eventually consistent datastore. It doesn't (for example) allow writes to multiple nodes across a network partition and then have a mechanism for resolving conflicts.