Definitely. See Lady Bird Lake or Lake Travis in Austin: basically just parts of the Colorado River.
Note that by the proposed definition, all rivers and all segments of any river are lakes; outflow is always equal to inflow for any persistent body of water.
Personally, I'd be more comfortable choosing whether to call Lake Travis a "river" or a "lake" based on whether there's a current on the surface. If yes, it's a river. If not, why not call it a lake.