We've seen this with solar panel tariffs. We add tariffs to encourage domestic manufacturing, but instead of domestic factories we just get cutbacks in installations and less employment overall.

There the impacts are direct and obvious, but I worry that similar things happen in other industries as well. There are certainly a lot of people that think copper, steel, and aluminum tariffs are leading to workarounds that involve more imports of finished goods.

Is the US ultimately hurting or helping domestic manufacturing with these policies? I don't think the answers are clear.