When traveling to the US, it always strikes me how different public ads are. The US has more public ads and also much more aggressive ads. An ad for an injury lawyer would be unthinkable in Europa.
https://www.oscepa.org/en/news-a-media/op-eds/the-danish-way...
https://slks.dk/fileadmin/user_upload/dokumenter/medier/rekl...
In any case it's hardly an issue for them as most doctors are fully booked for months, so they rarely need to advertise their services. Companies like Doctolib therefore aim more at optimizing the booking process to e.g. ensure that canceled bookings get backfilled automatically to increase the overall booking rate, though even that is usually not a problem and most doctors overbook their appointments to make sure they stay busy during the day (that's why you often have to wait 30-60 minutes here even if you have an appointment scheduled).
When did this happen? When I was in Munich a few years back there were poster ads for cigarettes everywhere. I remember them being not very subtle about their “smoking is cool” message.
Btw manufacturers (not the merchants though) are still allowed to hand out free cigarettes.
In fact, they make up a significant percentage of adverts!
But there are ads for military weapons, like https://youtu.be/fTBA5tQsDbE.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_control_in_Germany
Owning a gun for self-defence is only allowed in rare cases like security personnel and politicians whose lives are threatened. The normal allowed categories are hunting, sports, and collectors, but even then you need a licence (with a few minor exceptions like flint-lock rifles and flare guns).
I'm not sure about a ban (I guess there is, though) but since gun ownership is restricted the market is quite small. Outside of narrow targeted ads (say in gun owner magazines) it'd be a waste of money.
Not true anymore, in the last years, mostly on private TV channels & internet ads, people are and were being blasted with ads for gambling sites :D
Not anymore, since 1987.
Ads for tobacco seems to be fine though, and ads for vape pens (that actually taunt you into using them) are everywhere
"Law against unfair competition"
Gesetz gegen den unlauteren Wettbewerb (UWG)
This is directly refuted by the section of legal code that you linked. The phrasing in there (translated in German) is along the lines of "Mentioning a competitor's product is unfair advertising if [specific catalog of unfair situations]". The list includes things like "comparing products intended for different purposes and functions" or "comparing products by qualities that are not objectively measurable".
I'm not saying that you will not be walking on thin ice if you engage in comparative advertising. In fact, if you target a particularly litigous competitor, you may have a bad time even if you're within your rights, but to say that comparative advertising is flat out illegal is not backed up by the phrasing of the law as presented in your source.
Disclaimer: IANAL. This is not legal advice.