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> See also this answer: > https://stackoverflow.com/a/48046118/1593077 > to the question of why C++ doesn't have a garbage collector.

The shared_ptr is an optional garbage collection based on reference counting. Slow, leaky, deterministic (that's an advantage and a disadvantage). C++ needs optional garbage collection if needs shared_ptr.

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C++11 introduced APIs for optional GC and since no one has ever fully provided one, it is going away on C++23.

The way C++/CLI, C++/CX and Unreal C++ work isn't based on those APIs (naturally, given their domain), and are even used on the C++23 motivation paper as why those GC APIs should be removed.

The hazard pointer is basically a proposal to implement GC to solve one implementing problem in C++26.

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