I don't think there's anything special about Python and data science/ML, it just happens to be everyone's go-to wrapper language around C code. Personaly, I dislike Python, it has been nothing bit pain for me in the past (not necessarily the language, but the design of popular libraries such as matplotlib), but it's always handy when you need to get something done.
That being said, there are a lot of really high-quality Elixir projects being developed at the moment, Liveview, Livebook (that I think far exceeds Jupyter in innovation), Nx, etc. Perhaps that's one of the benefits of having a smaller community. I like how Elixir has slowly developed into a mature and beautifuly designed language, with focus on stability and not hype.