Benjamin Franklin's 1752 paper on experimenting with electricity from thunderstorms, collected in a Leyden jar, is not to be missed.
http://rstl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/47/565.full.p...
After edit:
To answer a question raised by another HN user, the Wikipedia article on the medial s character in older printed English-language books
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_s
is helpful about the history of printing that character.