https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1102873https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3762603/
What I found mind blowing when I first read these studies (particularly the second link) is that the positive-predictive value of the CT screen was only 3.8% for lung nodules that were 4mm or larger in size. Basically just means we find all kinds of lung abnormalities all the time that "could be cancer" but aren't.
Keep in mind, that the screening criteria was people over age 65 who had a 30+ pack-year smoking history (1 pack-year = smoking 1 pack of cigarettes per day in one year), and had to have smoked within the last 15 years.
I can also tell you from doing CT lung biopsies that it's not a procedure to take lightly. Lot of important structures in the chest.