I would say that these are context-sensitive, but it doesn't seem to be analogue to C++'s most vexing parse. In the most vexing parse case all identifiers are resolved to the correct kind (type name or variable name), yet it is still ambiguous. The C examples are unambiguous after the kind of the identifiers are identified.
A C exmaple:
T(*ptr)[42];
If T is a type then this is a declarations of a pointer to an array of T. If T is a function, then this is a function call followed by a subscript (which is then discarded).
A similar C++ analogue would be:
C<0>(0);
If C is a function template with a non-type template parameter, then this is a function call of C<0> with argument 0. If C is an int variable instead then it is equivalent to the following expression (C < 0) > 0 .
But for T a(); in both possible interpretations T is a type, and 'a' is the new entity being declared. So parsing this is not context-sensitive, it's simply ambiguous. C++ resolves the ambiguity by choosing in favor of function declarations. I'm not aware of a C analogue similar to this.