The US work-based green card application (I-140)[1] has had the 'Soviet Scientist' category for decades. I knew it hasn't been removed after the breakup of the Soviet Union, but I didn't realize it has been in active use this whole time. From a commentary on a USCIS Interim Regulation from 2005[2]:

This benefit for Soviet scientists will be available for a limited time for a limited number of qualified scientists. Therefore, anyone who may qualify under the Soviet Scientist interim rule should begin filing as soon as possible to avoid missing this window of opportunity. This category is supposed to create a win-win situation for the individuals concerned, who are of exceptional ability, and in the national interest of the United States by bringing exceptional scientists to work within the government or the private sector on important projects.

[1] https://www.uscis.gov/i-140 [2] https://www.murthy.com/2005/04/29/soviet-scientist-interim-r...