How is it non-deterministic? If you run the same trained model on the same input data, you should arrive at the exactly identical output.
You could drive the same car down the same road at the same time tomorrow, and it may behave differently. It makes bugs / edges cases impossible to reproduce and fix.
With a human you can just say "why did you do that? Don't do that." Little fine tuned tweaks to neural nets is not so easy.
It's non-deterministic in a practical sense; you cannot reproduce the exact circumstances that caused a certain behaviour. Maybe a bug flew by one of the cameras at a certain moment, or a pedestrian with certain type of clothing passed by. You get the idea.
The camera itself might not be deterministic enough to reproduce the same data with the same beetle, but replaying the log should work.
(Keep the log in a 'black box' on the car, and perhaps only keep the last x hours of data, if necessary.)
I think Waymo already does something like these kinds of replays.