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There's still room for ambiguity or disagreement, though. Just from the top-level: Does "biological sex" refer to chromosomal sex or to anatomical sex? By either definition most (all?) individuals will be closer to the norm for one or the other. But in a handful of cases, including the one that you linked to, an individual will be male by one definition and female by the other. I don't see a particular reason to favor one definition over the other when talking about biological sex.

There's room for some scientific disagreement in a minority of edge cases, sure, but the individual I linked to is considered female because she underwent female sexual differentiation, and ended up with a female reproductive system.

Having an XY karyotype is just a proxy - albeit a typically very accurate one - for determining sex. The important thing is which of the two pathways of reproductive system development dominated. Ultimately, this system is what sex is all about.

Here's a decent article on this topic, considering the applicability of various definitions of sex: https://theparadoxinstitute.com/blog/2021/04/10/what-are-sex...

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