Miners are paid some $40m/day, through 1) creating more BTC (called "coinbase" here, "Seigniorage" more generally, leading to inflation) and 2) fees.

For now, the $100 miners siphon off per transaction are predominantly from 1), so those costs are not very visible.

And then of course the exchanges charging 20 to 120 bp (or more) for a roundtrip against money you can actually use. Coinbase (the exchange) alone takes around 0.4% of the entire crypto market cap per annum into its pockets.