Not just derived, but some of these can be seen as a claim to a title (in that, there can only be one). That becomes interesting when multiple people/institutions have claimed it at the same time. For example: the Ottoman Empire and the Catholic Church. When the ottomans sacked Constantinople, the Sultan Mehmed assumed the title Ceaser. Interestingly, although they adopted the title officially and used it a lot internally, for diplomatic purposes they would massage the wording a bit when conversing with western countries under the influence of the Church. [1]
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_claim_to_Roman_success...