Well, Herbert did base Fremen culture, in part, on the desert-dwelling Bedouin and San People. The scenes were shot in Jordan (Wadi Rum) and Abu Dhabi (Liwa).
YouTuber Thomas Flight has an interesting video on the score (he's a fan):
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P50VrsM_xlU
Hans Zimmer himself on the topic:
I bet there's maybe 5 people on Earth who could score a movie like this and make it as credible as Hans did.
It's interesting you say that because Hans Zimmer specifically said in an interview they tried their best to dodge the cliche' middle eastern musical tropes in this soundtrack. Perhaps they didn't go far enough for some people.
Eventually these music cues had to be edited and adapted for the final version of the film, so a certain amount of compromise was necessary, but this is your best look at the essence of what Hans is doing, and it's very exciting. I like it better than the final soundtrack, and it ruined my appreciation of the final film somewhat because I know what Hans was going for.
All in all, I still enjoy the final film.
[1]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NjJPjAkLXS8
(Okay, that was meant as a joke, but I do love the rest of the Dune 1984 soundtrack)
[0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihad
[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padishah
[2]: based on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_(name)
I found it quite interesting and did not get the impression that he is just phoning it in, but it is difficult to judge from a short podcast of course.
The Dune soundtrack evoked the middle east but leveraged cliches to do so. It was good music and an enjoyable listen but not ground breaking and if people associate wailing voices and heavy bass synth glissandos with desert scenes in future, it will only be because many movies have done that before Dune. Sticking to tried-and-true ups the grosses.
That's more or less with consistent with the movie being a solid 8/10 instead of anything better.