(astronomer here). Some comments below partially answered the question, as modern optical/ir telescopes are based on mirror designs (i.e. they have primary, secondary, and sometimes the tertiary mirror like the Vera Rubin telescope). But the lenses are still heavily used in the camera part of the instrument or in spectrographs. And there is a lot of know-how there, as well as optimization in terms of minimising light losses, aberrations etc. I think the constraints and goals are clearly different from the cameras in iphones, but I'd think the techniques must be pretty similar (although Apple clearly has a ton of money that astronomers don't so it's possible that there are some big innovations there, that I don't know about).

Not an astronomer, but from my limited knowledge telescopes usually use reflection e.g. mirrors so they don't need to correct for chromatic aberrations introduced by lenses and they also don't use things like optical stabilisation. Refractors could possibly be corrected, but AFAIK they aren't widely used in astronomy and hobby telescopes is such a niche market.

Possibly for refracting telescopes where the light passes through lenses but pretty much all serious telescopes use mirrors to reflect light and therefore couldn't do this. However, I'm sure that you can come up with some wild optics if you are optimizing for size or minimizing distortion.

These designs are required due to the package size constraints and the relatively generous lighting conditions.