Is there a modern text editor that only supports ASCII, so I can take my plain text notes and store pages and pages of them in one or two KB?
The result of that is, so long as you don't add any emoji or anything to your documents, a 2022 version of VS Code will store your text files in the same format as vi did in 1976.
And, as someone already mentioned, all the first 127 characters of the UTF-8 encoding are the same as the ASCII ones, so a UTF-8-encoded file containing only those characters is identical to -- is -- an ASCII-encoded file.
Where do you store them now?
And 2 KB is 2 thousand characters ... "pages and pages" of notes sounds like more than that.