Two major points: (1) It uses a single SPDY connection to the Amazon cloud. (2) It compiles JS down to ARM machine code.
If the special thing is cross-compiling to machine code on the server and sending binary code to be run on the client, then that might be new - but it's scary from a security perspective.
They seem to be suggesting that these optimisations are intelligent and vary with circumstances, so they don't have to work every time as long as they can predict when the right time to turn them on is.