> It would be interesting to see if this could work in other environments as well. Also from the perspective that we can teach crows to pick up cigarette butts but we can’t teach people not to throw them on the ground.

Well... you can, by providing enough litter bins that people don't have to hold a cigarette butt or a dog-poo bag for half a kilometer or more. Unfortunately, since litter bins cost money to operate, most cities don't put up enough.

For toilets, it's the same. Public, free-of-charge toilets are an absolute rarity... and politicians whine all the time about people just relieving themselves on the next bush.