I can remember failing math class hard throughout my entire academic career. I never passed a math class past primary school, and ended up dropping out of high school. The concepts simply never made sense to me, and as they were presented were just meaningless rote exercises of memorization. Math was something I had completely written off as ever being able to understand.

Then I took calculus and trig classes in college. Since I was also learning graphics programming at the time, I was able to actually make sense of math with a real world connection. Playing with little graph equations on shadertoy.com made me realize graphics was all just math. Everything immediately clicked. I was able to intuitively visualize the trig functions and graph equations and do transformations of them because I could picture what the resulting image would look like. Ultimately the problem for students I think is just creating this connection to reality.