Considering that the entire revenue for IBM in 1964 was $3.2 billion (1964 money), spending $5 billion on a project (over several years) was certainly a "bet the company" move.
I should know. Law enforcement were trying to indict me for $100Tn in currency fraud. I wanted to point out to them that this was higher than the GDP of Planet Earth, but I don't think they would have understood what GDP is.
They finally decided not to follow-through on the prosecution for it. I guess someone eventually realized that:
a) It was a real bank note, not a forgery
b) It wasn't US currency as they had believed, but a note from Zimbabwe:
https://www.banknoteworld.com/zimbabwe-currency/100-trillion...
I'm struggling to imagine multiple professional law enforcement staff closely examining it and not noticing that it makes no claims to be US currency.