Yes, definitely. For all languages, for which you have a major mode installed. I think you need to look for "fontify source block emacs org mode" or so. Basically org hands highlighting off to those major modes, if I understand it correctly.

Edit: Found it: https://orgmode.org/worg/org-contrib/babel/examples/fontify-...

In doom emacs for me it does it by default if I had the src language so #+BEGIN_SRC json #+END_SRC

Or #+BEGIN_SRC ruby #+END_SRC

And I have a pretty vanilla doom emacs config.