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My motherboard port are USB 3.2 which should support USB PD. But it is part of the things I cannot get confirmation of.

My phone used to charge fine on my old motherboard.

You should give the motherboard model. There usually are tweaks in the bios for charging that might need to be set.

Asus Pro WS WRX80E-SAGE SE WIFI

BIOS or Software issues? You should try other devices to see if your MB are charging those as well.