I'm always amazed about how modern web sites will render different direction quotes, will render apostrophes as something other than ', yet they can't seem to get a carat (^) to work. What's the problem here? Is ieee.org unfamiliar with the carat? Or do they really refer to a "quadrillionth (10-15)" as negative five?

Sorry - I'm picking nits. But consider how many sites have examples of shell commands where the apostrophes and backticks are converted to something else, to where two dashes are converted to an emdash, and all I can think is how completely disconnected writers are from what appears on web sites.

Apologies for the tangent.