mostly this.
The "counter terrorism" is a bit of a click-bait. There's no NSA type surveillance with sophisticated machine learning algorithms going on (these are unneedded), its simple tools any police department in any modern country has and uses.
They do under a judge's order, a lot of murder cases or other heavy crime cases are solved that way. The data is collected probably for these reasons or other emergencies. It's possible that Israel is being more aggressive in using these measures but the ability to do this is trivial and I'm pretty sure the data is there in most countries. I don't know how much other countries use these ability though for Covid purposes though, it could be that they hold privacy as a higher value than tracking infected covid people.
Hold up, do you know something that the rest of the world doesn't?
E: My bad, didn't remember this particular story. Although it hardly describes "sophisticated" machine learning https://theintercept.com/document/2015/05/08/skynet-courier/
Thank god for stringent oversight and constitutional protections, right?
Carriers routinely back haul GPS data and angle data to geo locate users. At the time this information was batched nightly against transaction data provided by credit card (and other) partners in order to build customer profiles that can be marketed to advertisers.
Carriers in the USA provide this data to law enforcement for fees. This is a profit center at the carriers that I've worked for.
Some countries limit the commercial exploitation of this data, some require judicial involvement. I don't know of any country that does not avail themselves to this data.