Both Legacy Edge and the current Edge also support Windows High Contrast Mode (WHCM) as does Firefox.
Also with Firefox, on any platform, you can go into the settings, Colors, and set "Override the colors specified by the page with your selections above" to Always. It won't change the colors to the ones actual WHCM users use but that doesn't matter, you can't know what colors they've set and they could be anything.
Edit: If you leave the Firefox setting on "Only with High Contrast themes," the colors will also be overridden on a Mac with "Increase contrast" set. Technically, this is inaccurate, it's acting as if `forced-colors: active` is true on the system when the "Increase contrast" setting really maps to `prefers-contrast: more`. But macOS doesn't yet have an option to convey `forced-colors: active` so Firefox's choice is probably for the best for now.