Yes, but mostly German ones (which is my first language). There is one that has many English episodes (mostly geared towards aviation and engineering): <http://omegataupodcast.net/>

One of the EN ones I enjoy is Dan Carlin's Hardcore History

The two podcasts I consistently listen to at the moment are:

* Power Corrupts - An in-depth look at the darker side of humanity, particularly corrupt national leaders, the ways they hold on to power, and how to prevent that.

* The Electronic Wireless Show - A weekly podcast from Rock Paper Shotgun, ostensibly about PC gaming, but I'm there more for the fantastic dynamic between the three hosts.

Honorable mention goes out to the now concluded 13 Minutes to the Moon from the BBC World Service, the first series focuses on the final 13 minute descent from Apollo 11 to the surface of the moon, concluding with an unedited playback of the audio loop from mission control which at that point you've got enough context to understand. The second series runs through the events of Apollo 13's mission, and how they managed to get the crew back to Earth.

Tim Ferris, Rich Roll - not all episodes, but many are good (Rich tends to ramble).

Behind the bastards - good show, but it will depress you.

Bankless - if you’re interested in crypto/blockchain

Heist podcast - this one is fun. No murder or creepy criminal stuff. Just robbery, lol

Side hustle school - very short episodes, I only listen to the side hustle episodes and skip the Q&A, advice ones

Invest Like a Boss - I am a money dummy, I learned quite a bit. Depending on your financial knowledge, it may or may not be appealing to you

Dan Carlin's hardcore history is amazing at explaining history at amazing depth that paints completely different picture to what I was taught by school and history documentaries.

Sam Harris has a podcasat I have love/hate relationship but as OP pointed, its great at pushing you to think about give opinion.

I will add:

- Long Now: Seminars About Long Term Thinking

- Arms Control Wonk

- At The Brink