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I mean Apple themselves is telling devs to not send sensitive data in the actual notification

> [...] never include sensitive data or data that can be retrieved by other means in your payload. Instead, use notifications to alert the user to new information or as a signal that your app has data waiting for it.

https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Ne...

that’s why Signal sends an empty notification then uses their own EE2E for notification wordings.

Not sure if Signal is doing this, but they could send a notification with title "New message" and encrypted payload. The payload can be processed by a client-side notification extension which decrypts the payload and chooses what notification text the user will see.

Not true. The server can send encrypted (not plaintext) payload. The client can then use a NotificationExtension to decrypt the payload as it comes in.

https://developer.apple.com/documentation/usernotifications/...