This is the reason why Adobe PDF isn't relying on Unicode. Adobe products has a huge presence in Japan since 90s and they had to appeal to the printing industry, which is very anal to this kind of issues. So they ended up using a separate encoding for every language. Today, CJK letters in PDF are encoded in Adobe-GB1 (mainland China), Adobe-CNS1 (Hong Kong), Adobe-Japan1 and Adobe-Korea1 respectively. Not the cleanest way, but it gets the job done.