libprojectM is a cross-platform library designed to be part of other applications. There are some reference implementations using SDL and Qt. They run on Linux.

For best results grab the latest master and build with cmake.

The linked page lists more than that ;)

What OS are you after? It officially supports Windows, macOS and Linux. But I do know of FreeBSD, iOS and Android ports too. There’s bound to be more ports out there as well.