Without acetaminophen your only option for pain relief without going to much stronger drugs would be the NSAIDS like aspirin or ibuprofen.
While not toxic to your liver, if you take them often enough you’ll end up with GI bleeding pretty reliably.
You can find the studies with scihub. Tylenol doesn't seem to work for fever or anti inflammatory purposes either. It's great at hurting and killing people, though, in overdose and chronic use scenarios.
What? Not sure what alternate universe we're talking about, but paracetamol definitely works on fever in this one.
Small changes to a trial can completely blow it up. Same with antidepressants or anything where the trial outcome is a subjective measure by the patient.
It doesn't work. It is the leading cause of liver failure in western societies. And yet the "common knowledge" of its utility surpasses those facts among doctors and pharmacists.
They keep prescribing it and adding it to other medicines, but there's no good medical reasons to do so.
There is a massive body of evidence showing that it's far more effective than placebo. There are even recent tentative evidence that show it increases risk taking behaviours and reduce emotional response to various stimulus.