“ The source of these optical modes could be the quantum vacuum field, which gives rise to the Casimir force [18,19,20,21], the Lamb shift [22], and other physical effects [23]. It was argued that the use of energy from the vacuum field does not violate fundamental laws of thermodynamics [24].“
Despite the importance of the question of „where the heck does the energy for that come from“, they give it surprisingly little space in the paper.
[24] https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Extracting+E...