Could you share some of your experiences working in Chile? Where did you move there from? Did you already know Spanish? Have you enjoyed living & working there?
see http://www.quora.com/Hows-life-in-Santiago-Chile for more background.
i am here because my partner is a chilean academic with tenure here. in general, it's a good place to live. personally, i am not the most outgoing or relaxed person on the planet, and sometimes living in a different culture - and it could be any other culture - gets to me. but the only negative thing i can think of about living here is that the work culture in large companies (my first job) emphasizes hours over productivity. if i were coming here to run a startup i would use a more results-oriented working environment (i don't care if you work at home, but you fucking get stuff done) as an incentive. a lot of people really hate the enforced long hours.
you need to speak spanish. but people will be friendly and tolerant when you screw up. you can learn while you are here. a chilean lover is as good a way to learn as any ;)
PS - just thought of a negative (as i went outside). the winter air quality in santiago is terrible. if you have asthma you don't want to be coming here. another negative would be the differences in wealth, although i imagine that's more shocking to a european than an american (i have no idea why i am paying such low taxes compared to europe - why isn't more of what i earn being used to help the poorest people here?).
PPS - some positives: good food (you have no idea how good a hot-dog can be); good beer (really - it's exploded the last few years with a bunch of micro-breweries); a more entrepreneurial attitude than europe; a more sane social attitude than the usa; low crime rate (despite what people here seem to think...)
the 35% tax is described here - http://www.sii.cl/portales/inversionistas/imp_chile/impuesto... - and applies to earnings of people who don't live or have residence in chile. so it wouldn't apply to someone under this grant. also, it's not in addition to other taxes (so it's 18% over VAT, if that would have been charged - again, this is just from skimming the docs).
[edit: you need to translate the fourth paragraph to understand the "additional" nature. here's a link in english http://www.thisischile.cl/frmContenidos.aspx?SEC=187&ID=... that says This tax applies to those who are neither residents nor residing in Chile and ranges between zero and 35% on total revenue depending on the type of income (e.g., for services, royalties, interest, transportation payments, insurance, capital gains, and dividend distributions). In the case of utilities, the “First Category” tax can apply as a credit towards the additional tax.]
in general, chilean laws and taxes are all described online. you don't need to post uninformed speculation - you can search for the details. disclaimer: i just skimmed the links, and am no expert, so my summary may be incorrect.
Note the word "additional". So, this implies after regular corporate taxes are applied.
So, you form a corp in Chile under this program, then you leave after 6 months. You're no longer a resident of chile. You want to take your companies profits out of chile, then this tax would be applied. Depending on the industry, and the corporate tax rate, it looks like it could be as much as %52! (%35 plus corporate taxes.)
This is actually one of the key indicators of a regime that you should be wary of. Currency controls are what governments impose when they find their policies are driving businesses out of the country. I'm not saying that is the situation in chile, I'm just saying that this is the historical role these kinds of taxes have played.
This tax, and the others I mentioned are confirmed by the links you gave, so it is wrong to claim they are "uninformed speculation". Turns out I was quite well informed!
since you appear to be relying on auto-translate, and don't understand the garbled 4th paragraph, i have added an english language link to my reply above. it is not in addition to corporate tax - that is a "first category tax" that can be used as a credit.
and if you want to leave chile, why would you leave the company here? you think you can run a startup from abroad? why wouldn't you move the company too? this is software. heck, you could even take the programmers with you - many young chileans would jump at a green card...