Why not just report odometer readings annually, and tax based on that? It would avoid the need for implementing so much surveillance to track every movement of every car.
Honestly I feel this applies so much more widely; it’s frightening to think on too long.
You can regard the ID's part as any kind of serious tracking beyond your word about what happened, but unfortunately we're a bit off on the space travel...
Edit: For more clarification, gasoline is not taxed in my state based on usage but on sales (though the distinction may not be significant in this case). If mileage is taxed based on usage, it seems reasonable (though perhaps not feasible) to tax it only based on usage of roads the government controls. There is also a number of people (though very unlikely to be a high portion of the population) who have registered vehicles that are rarely used on public roads. You might see this with street legal race cars or street legal off road vehicles, both of which may be mostly trailered except in rare cases. I certainly have no issue paying for what I use, but it can get burdensome when I'm penalized by the governemnt for not using government products or services.
It's not rocket science.