It is very slightly surprising that these come from Soviet times. Weren't the Soviets supposed to have rid Russia of evils like this?
Turns out that the relationship between the Soviets and Judaism was complicated. There were "good Soviet" Jewish organizations, but these are not remembered fondly by the sources I read today. I guess it was a problem of loyalty related to totalitarianism: Your only really important identity was supposed to be "Party member".
I also note that "Jewish problems" is a (sick) pun.