I have just tested with a fresh profile with a freshly downloaded thunderbird-78.12.0.tar.bz2 (x64 Linux, en-US) using a Burp proxy. Here is the function that does it: https://searchfox.org/mozilla-central/source/toolkit/compone...
Here is the about:config tweak to turn it off: browser.safebrowsing.downloads.remote.url
Here is an example request: POST https://sb-ssl.google.com/safebrowsing/clientreport/download...
Content is Protobuf-encoded payload containing:
- full path to the mailbox including the username and "secret" random profile name (e.g. /home/jenda/.thunderbird/ioi8uk0k.tbtest/Mail/hrach.eu/Inbox)
- SHA-256 of the file
- attachment file name (e.g. 10-test-blahblah.pdf)