I've had this exact same experience. Half-baked, unmaintainable features are launched. The developers get promoted and leave the team. The team is left to clean up and pay the consequences until development speed slows to a crawl.

The team isn't able to get promoted because they're busy doing boring, undervalued work. The engineers responsible for the mess ultimately end up ahead.

If your goal is to get promoted then clearly the best path is to take shortcuts and not act in the long-term interest of the team. You'll get promoted for it. If your goal is to build a product that won't be burdened in operations/maintenance then you have to move slowly, correctly, and you'll be setting yourself back.

This was my experience at a FANG.