Not always, at least some banks will allow you to go into overdraft and then charge a fee (e.g. $15 for Commbank) - so it's worth being cautious about running out.
I remember miscalculating and going into overdraft by a very small amount (e.g. a dollar or two) and then being slugged the overdraft fee - I would've much preferred the transaction to be declined, but that isn't/wasn't the default behaviour.
For example: https://www.commbank.com.au/support.banking.explain-account-... -> `CommBank may allow you to overdraw transaction accounts for the following payment types... Spend using your linked CommBank card`
(It used to be enabled by default with Commbank, not sure if that's still the case; but I'd kinda guess "yes"...)
Debit cards are used almost exclusively when credit cards are unavailable.
One thing we have is deferred payment (usually 1 month). And looooooads of credit companies...
Some payment cards here (usually with 'store points') are with 'revolving loans' which is considered quite predatory... Wouldn't want to touch this with a space-elevator-sized pole.