There is neither a way to avoid what I don't want, nor a way to ensure I see my friends' posts. The timeline shows me the same handful of people in mystery sort order mixed with ads, and then I later find out I haven't seen months' worth of someone's content when I happen to visit their profile.
The only half-ass solution I've found is to bookmark each profile and check them individually, which is, of course, not very practical past a dozen or two.
All in all, it feels like Facebook thinks I'm an idiot and treats me accordingly.
And maybe I am an idiot, since I've yet to figure out an alternative.