If I were the PLAN, I would focus on three areas; MRBMs to keep the CVNs far far away, airpower over the region to keep Japan out, and submarines to enforce the blockade.
They currently have enough DF-21 to make the USN very skittish about approaching within range of current carrier aircraft. There are countermeasures to the DF-21, particularly the targeting chain that can be disrupted, but that's dicey.
The PLA currently has enough aircraft in the region to gain air superiority, though not air supremacy.
Submarines are the real wild card. The US Navy's SSN fleet is stretched thin, and is in declining numbers compared to the PLAN fleet. Qualitatively, the USN is far superior, but...
In terms of other ASW assets, the USN is woefully unprepared for fighting against an opponent with home turf advantage. The CVNs no longer carry organic ASW assets, and have lost a lot of the institutional knowledge learned during the Cold War. The surface fleet has also let ASW skills atrophy.
All these combine to make it very unlikely the US would attempt to overcome a blockade in the next decade. If the US were to invest a significant amount of money above the current baseline in shipbuilding, this calculus might be different.
The terms of the deal is to always be paid in USD -- USD which is held in custodial accounts in the US. Thus it is a roundabout way of exporting to acquire more foreign currency reserves. But the moment there is any kind of conflict, all of China's foreign reserve holdings are likely to be seized in the worst case and frozen in the best case, so the fact that there are bridges and ports all over Africa and Southeast Asia built by Chinese workers isn't going to help China import food or get past US control of shipping lanes.
But neither is it buying influence overseas, as these projects are wildly unpopular and result in unsustainable debt burdens and massive amounts of ill-will. If you look at a map, you see most of these projects happening in authoritarian nations or nations where there is a lot of corruption, and what happens is that leaders force their country into unsustainable debt burdens while they themselves get bribed. Then when they leave office, the nation will default and now it will be an enemy of China. It's like China's project to extract resources from Africa -- lots of ill will and anti-Chinese feelings are created from these projects. It certainly does not cause their foreign influence to increase, but it does create jobs for Chinese workers, which is the point. The fact of the matter is that the Chinese construction industry has already built far too many airports and ports that China can use domestically, so as with the manufacturing excess capacity, the excess capacity of the construction sector is being offloaded onto the rest of the world, primarily to third world nations that can't afford these ports, and it is happening at the expense of lots of ill-will.
What would be in China's interest would be shrink its construction industry and try to re-allocate to providing healthcare, senior services, and other services that China's own population needs. The sooner they stop exporting excess capacity in all these industries the better. That would also do much to at least stem the tide of anti-Chinese resentment that is created by these projects in which excess capacity is dumped onto the rest of the world. Don't underestimate the long term damage that these projects are creating all over the world to China's image.
Its the leaders, not the public, who are the people that China is buying influence with.