> Does a ‘physical clock’ with sufficiently accurate inter-node synchronisation and sufficiently good time resolution not meet the ‘logical clock’ definition?

No, because a logical clock is a clock that is logically guaranteed to capture (I would prefer “bound”, but “capture” is the article’s term) causality, while a physical clock may or may not happen to do so with sufficient synchronization and resolution, but this is (unless I misunderstand) impossible to verify as a necessary condition regardless of how good the clock is.