I believe the name for what you describe is "positive predictive value" or PPV - defined in the paper as the "proportion of true positives among those with a positive test result". According to the paper, their PPV for cancer detection is 44.4% (28.6%-79.9%, presumably the 95% CI).
As a point of comparison, one source I found reports a much lower PPV for the mammogram - single digits on initial screening, rising to 28% post biopsy: https://www.bcsc-research.org/statistics/screening-performan...
The paper notes that PPV can be a more useful metric than sensitivity. Their multi-cancer approach includes some hard to detect cancers that decrease the overall sensitivity, but increase PPV.
Edit: the paper also states: "The extrapolated PPV reported here based on SEER cancer incidence and clinical stage distribution was 44.4% in the screening-eligible 50-79-year age group, which is higher than that of currently recommended screening tests, as PPV is driven by specificity and population incidence."
They also add the caveat that "studies in intended-use populations that will provide more accurate PPV estimates are ongoing".