Depending on your country this catalog is also shrinking and pushed into private insurance. Since there is such variability between countries and their systems these discussions become 'hard' to have because something that is normal for one guy works the opposite in the other guy's country.
In Germany I had dental covered by the state. Like you said, fixed percentage of my income covered all that (and all the other health insurance needs with a catalog of services). No need to think about it. Except someone actually decided on that catalog based on monetary concerns and calculations. Also while there is a fixed health insurance cost as a percentage of your salary, there are different actual insurance companies and they add a variable premium to this which they 'compete on' for clients. This is the public system which must cover you and you can go fully private (and never be admitted back into the public system if you do) which gives you "better service" (like private rooms being standard at the hospital and such).
Then they added private insurance on top for some stuff that wasn't covered by the public dental plan any longer. In Canada just a regular filling needs to be paid out of pocket and I really want private/employer extra insurance. Different for kids where I pay out of pocket for a white filling but Amalgam would be covered. I don't even know if this is the same in other provinces maybe.
Pension: Germany has a pyramid scheme and it collapsed a while back. Not enough payers any longer and suddenly they had to tax people's pensions. People who they told need not worry about their pension ever. Suddenly they were told they would need to pay tax on their pensions and oh btw. you should really have started paying into private pension like a decade or so ago. From after tax income. They do have various private insurance schemes that lower your taxable income but the fees are sky high and returns meager. It's a way to shuffle money into insurance companies. Thank's government! And other than that, you can get ~800 EUR of tax free interest/dividends per year. Everything else is taxed at 25%.
This is way different in Canada again where Old Age Security and your pension are not covering you and everyone knows. People either work longer because they can't afford extra insurance or have an RRSP (kinda like a 401k) they pay into. You know you will be taxed on this later but you aren't now. And all your money grows tax free in that account. Never pay a single dollar of taxes on those dividends over the years. And a non pension tax free savings account on top of that. Sure it's after tax income in there but you can take it out any time. No need for any insurance company fees either if you don't want to. Sure you can buy mutual funds and such but you arent forced to just to be tax exempt.