That varies quite a bit by location. In many areas, a homeowner can do their own repairs. In slightly fewer areas, they can do new installs. In any case, doing the work safely and correctly trumps having a license in importance.

No it's not. In a lot of places if you're the home owner you can do your own everything.

Interesting; all that's required here is that the work be inspected by the city on completion. I can't imagine someone telling me what I can and can't repair in my home.

There is only one electrician I know of who doesn’t charge 2-3x to come to our exurban neighborhood. That’s because he lives in the area. Unfortunately, he’s moving away soon. So, at least here, there is a shortage of electricians.