Liquefaction under the normal pressure of a building's weight can also be a problem, and may have contributed to the notorious sinking of the (also in SoMa) Millennium Tower.
Liquefaction under the normal pressure of a building's weight can also be a problem, and may have contributed to the notorious sinking of the (also in SoMa) Millennium Tower.
Awareness of the dangers of liquefaction in Japan was kickstarted by buildings that tipped over in an earthquake in Niigata in 1964 [3]. A video showing many vivid examples of liquefaction after the big 2011 earthquake is at [4].
My family and I lived for more than a decade in a high-rise apartment building on a landfill island near the Tokyo waterfront, and the risk of soil liquefaction in a major earthquake was never far from my mind. We now live in Yokohama on a hill that is marked on the maps as relatively safe [5], but most of the nearby stores and train stations are in high-risk areas.
[1] https://doboku.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/start/03-jyouhou/ekijyouka/...
[2] https://www.pref.osaka.lg.jp/attach/31241/00267400/PL-Osaka....
[3] https://www.geoengineer.org/education/web-class-projects/ce-...
[4] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GviJkVEMfwQ
[5] https://www.city.yokohama.lg.jp/kurashi/bousai-kyukyu-bohan/...
https://www.google.com/search?q=christchurch+liquefaction+20...
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Preliminary-liquefaction...
https://www.sfgate.com/news/editorspicks/article/SF-s-sinkin...
That is, using a sequence of explosive charges to improve soil compaction by breaking bonds and driving out latent water content. It triggers a cycle of liquefaction and then compaction afterwards.
http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S...