Many low-lying sections of Tokyo, Osaka, and other Japanese cities were built on landfill and are at risk of liquefaction in earthquakes. Government agencies issue detailed maps [1, 2] showing the degree of danger in each location.
Awareness of the dangers of liquefaction in Japan was kickstarted by buildings that tipped over in an earthquake in Niigata in 1964 [3]. A video showing many vivid examples of liquefaction after the big 2011 earthquake is at [4].
My family and I lived for more than a decade in a high-rise apartment building on a landfill island near the Tokyo waterfront, and the risk of soil liquefaction in a major earthquake was never far from my mind. We now live in Yokohama on a hill that is marked on the maps as relatively safe [5], but most of the nearby stores and train stations are in high-risk areas.
[1] https://doboku.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/start/03-jyouhou/ekijyouka/...
[2] https://www.pref.osaka.lg.jp/attach/31241/00267400/PL-Osaka....
[3] https://www.geoengineer.org/education/web-class-projects/ce-...
[4] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GviJkVEMfwQ
[5] https://www.city.yokohama.lg.jp/kurashi/bousai-kyukyu-bohan/...