In this context, the deadline section is referring to being ready for a demo party, possibly as a compo entry, which happens on a specific date, so what would even be an alternative to having a deadline? The writing wasn’t urging the reader to choose whether to use deadlines, it was saying pay attention to the fact that your demo showdown is coming up on a day picked by someone else, so plan accordingly. Right?
Personally I find them paralyzing - so I'll just progress at my own speed - nobody is forcing us to use the timings proposed in the repo.
If I want to tinker or aimlessly play with something,sure,artificial deadlines may not suit me.
But if I want to even remotely accomplish an actual goal,or build something,or even learn something concrete,I positively need a firm and ideally external and enforced deadline - otherwise I'll meander,change scope and direction,redo from scratch,try a different tool / framework / system / method /whatever...and generally never ever finish
Time to deliver is just another constraint, which tends to force all decisions be made quickly and to err on the side of forward progress vs. some theoretically ideal option.
Having participated in a few demo parties back in the 90s, I have a deep appreciation for the scene. But I think we tended to dismiss the negative consequences of sleep deprivation, considering what we know now about the brain and sleep.
Edit:
Also, in terms of deadlines in general, not just the insane 24/48hr demoscene/gamejam style competitions, it can be rather difficult to prioritize a project receives your precious bandwidth on a given day if there's no deadline. It just keeps getting pushed aside by the tasks that do.
For actual deadlines often features get cut to meet them - and said features may return in future versions.
That’s all good and well, but my initial thought is simple. Just remember the title. The author specifically designed this course to teach Demoscene ‘in 14 days’.
If you don’t mind taking longer, then the deadlines don’t apply. But the course is designed to help you do it in this timeframe.
Maybe a bit like schoolwork, what you get out of it is what you're able to put into it.