Neither of these is applied in the same way or with the same ubiquity or frequency. "Good enough for government work" is also frequently used mockingly or in anger/disgust at poor quality workmanship.

The latter means something entirely different.

The familiar phrase the GP made me think of is:

"Good enough for who it's for."

I suspect the closest American mindset is something like “They’re not paying me enough to worry about that” or “that’s outta my pay grade”. When we choose Chinese companies that optimize for price above all else, fixing problems that crop up completely destroys their profit margin, so it’s unsurprising that they often don’t bother.

Good enough for government work used to be a high accolade, indicating a well specified, tested, compliant work item. It was a radical improvement.

“Good enough for government work” is one of the right’s greatest memes.